SKIN CONDITIONS AS AN ALLERGIC RESPONSE TO FOOD

Food Allergies and Your Skin 

SKIN CONDITIONS AS AN ALLERGIC RESPONSE TO FOOD

URTICARIA - HIVES

The skin is a common target organ for allergic responses to food. Acute urticaria is characterized by pruritic, transient, erythematous raised lesions, sometimes accompanied by localized swelling (angioedema). Food allergy accounts for up to 20 percent of cases of acute urticaria and is mediated by IgE specific to food protein. Lesions usually occur within one hour after ingestion of or contact with the causal food. Because only 1.4 percent of cases of chronic or persistent urticaria (i.e., lasting more than six weeks) are caused by food allergy, a search for a causative food in the initial evaluation of this condition is not generally warranted.

ATOPIC DERMATITIS

Atopic dermatitis usually begins in early infancy and is characterized by a typical distribution (face, scalp and extremities), extreme pruritus and a chronic and relapsing course. This inflammatory skin condition is frequently associated with allergic disorders (e.g., asthma and allergic rhinitis) and with a family history of allergy. Evidence suggests that IgE-mediated food allergy plays a pathogenic role in atopic dermatitis, particularly in children, although non–IgE-mediated food allergy has also been implicated. Clinical studies using double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges have shown that 37 percent of children with moderate atopic dermatitis have food allergy. By contrast, 6 to 8 percent of infants and children in the general population are allergic to some type of food.   

                                

DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS

Dermatitis herpetiformis is a chronic papulovesicular skin disorder in which lesions are distributed over the extensor surfaces of the elbows, knees and buttocks. The disorder is associated with a specific non–IgE-mediated immune sensitivity to gluten (a protein found in wheat, barley, oat and rye). Although dermatitis herpetiformis is related to celiac disease, patients often appear to have no associated gastrointestinal problems. The rash abates with the elimination of gluten from the diet. 

                                

aafp

Human Dermal Exposure to Galaxolide from Personal Care Products.

Feb 2013

Correia P, Cruz A, Santos L, Alves A.

Source

Laboratório de Engenharia de Processos, Ambiente e Energia, (LEPAE), Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; Núcleo de Investigação em Farmácia, Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente (CISA), Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Porto/Instituto Politécnico do Porto (ESTSP/IPP), Rua Valente Perfeito, 322, 4400-330, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.

Abstract

Musks are synthetic fragrances applied on personal care and household products as fixatives, by retarding the release of other fragrances with higher volatility. Galaxolide is the most used polycyclic musk since the 90(th) decade, and it has been detected in several environmental and biological matrices, particularly in human tissues and fluids. For exposure assessment purposes, large monitoring data need to be obtained and rapid but reliable analytical techniques are requested. The main objective of this study is to develop and validate a new and fast analytical methodology to quantify galaxolide in personal careproducts, and to apply this method to real matrices like skin care products (creams and lotions), shower products (soap bar), hair care products (shampoo and hair conditioner) and oral care products (toothpaste), in order to evaluate the human dermal exposure risk. A dispersive solid phase extraction is proposed, using QuEChERS methodology, followed by HPLC with fluorescence detection. Some extraction parameters were studied, like the ratio of sample/solvent amounts, the homogenization time, the salt addition effect and the used sorbents. The validation parameters of the developed method were: a linearity range of 0.005-1.002 mg.kg(-1) sample, a limit of detection of 0.001 mg.kg(-1) sample, repeatability between 0.7 and 11.3% (variation coefficient of six standard injections), an intermediate precision of 2.5% (variation coefficient of six independent analysis of the same sample), mean recoveries ranging from 65% (soap bar) to 95% (body cream), and 3% of global uncertainty in most of the working range. The time of analysis, including the extraction steps, is 60 minutes, allowing a throughput of 4 samples.h(-1) . Galaxolide was detected in all of the seven analyzed products in concentrations ranging from 0.04 ± 0.01 mg.kg(-1) sample (toothpaste) to 280.78 ± 8.19 mg.kg(-1) sample (perfumed body cream), which may correspond to a significant estimated daily human dermal exposure of 904 μg.day(-1) . © 2013 Society of Cosmetic Scientists and the Société Française de Cosmétologie.

PubMed

A high-potency, multimechanism skin care regimen provides significant antiaging effects: results from a double-blind, vehicle-controlled clinical trial.

Dec 2012

Farris PK, Edison BL, Brouda I, Weinkauf RL, Green BA.

Abstract

Skin aging is a multifaceted biological process characterized by the appearance of wrinkles, pigmentation irregularities, and loss of !rmness. These symptoms cannot be fully addressed by any single skin care ingredient or noninvasive cosmetic procedure. A comprehensive treatment approach, including the use of clinically proven topical skin care formulations, provides optimal antiaging effects. A high-strength skin care regimen (NeoStrata® Skin Active; NeoStrata Company, Inc, Princeton, NJ) was developed to deliver a combination of more than 35% active bene!t ingredients, including the......

Full Text Article:

Journal of Drugs in Dermatology

Do early skin care practices alter the risk of atopic dermatitis? A case-control study

Pediatr Dermatol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2012 July 15.

Published in final edited form as:

Pediatr Dermatol. 2011 Sep-Oct; 28(5): 593–595.

Published online 2011 September 5.doi:  10.1111/j.1525-1470.2011.01384.x

Marla E. Rendell, M.D Shahana F. Baig-Lewis, M.P.H., Trista M. Berry, B.S.,^** Melissa E. Denny, M.D.,^* Brenda M. Simpson, B.A.,^* Peter A. Brown, B.S.,and Eric L. Simpson, M.D., M.C.R.^**

^ABSTRACT

Background

The rise in atopic dermatitis prevalence seen in industrialized countries in unexplained. Some authors have suggested that the increase in the use of skin care products is partly responsible. There are few studies examining skin care practices commonly used in treatment of children. We hypothesized that the use of moisturizers early in life may alter the risk for developing atopic dermatitis.

Methods

A case-control study utilizing two control groups was performed. Cases were defined as children under six years of age who developed atopic dermatitis. A normal control and a high-risk control group were used for comparison. Parents or caregivers of children were questioned regarding skin care practices used in early life in an attempt to identify practices that increased the risk of developing atopic dermatitis.

Results

The regular use of a moisturizer on the child during the first six months of life was very common in all groups, 76%, 74.7%, and 78% in the atopic, non-atopic, and high-risk groups, respectively. Because of the high rate of moisturizer use in all groups, no significant differences were found between groups. Watery lotions were the most commonly used moisturizer.

Conclusions

Despite published guidelines advising to the contrary, the regular use of moisturizers was common in this population. Although no one specific skin care practice was associated with atopic dermatitis, the frequent use of products potentially detrimental to the skin barrier raises concern.

Full Text Article

PubMed - NIH

Risk of cardiovascular disorders in psoriasis patients : current and future.

Feb 2013

Many many of those with lymphedema, also have or had psoriasis, not to mention how many of us have some type of autoimmune problem as well..  I had it terribly on my left leg and ankle.  Thought this might be of interest.

Tablazon IL, Al-Dabagh A, Davis SA, Feldman SR.

Source

Department of Dermatology, Center for Dermatology Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157-1071, USA.

Abstract

Psoriasis is an inflammatory autoimmune disease that affects the skin. Recently, psoriasis and its consequential lifestyle and dietary habits have been associated with increased risks for cardiovascular diseases. This article discusses the connection between cardiovascular disorders and psoriasis and the effects of available treatment options on cardiovascular risk. A PubMed search revealed 11 articles that were analyzed for information regarding this association, its effects, and potential courses of treatment. Both the presence and severity of psoriasis increases the risk for cardiovascular disorders and co-morbidities. Forty percent of psoriasis patients met metabolic syndrome criteria as compared with 23 % of non-psoriasis control subjects. Rate ratios for atrial fibrillation are correlated with the severity of psoriasis; patients with severe and mild psoriasis produced rate ratios of 1.63 and 1.31, respectively. Studies also show an increase in the risks for myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, ischemic stroke, and other cardiovascular disorders. The exact mechanisms behind this affiliation are still uncertain; however, the psychological and physiological effects of psoriasis and the overlapping pathogenesis behind atherosclerosis and psoriasis may play a role. Since the risk for cardiovascular disorders increases with the presence and severity of psoriasis, psoriasis treatment should not only address the disease and its symptoms, but also its co-morbidities. Recent National Psoriasis Foundation (NPF) guidelines have provided recommendations for psoriasis patient care. Histories of co-morbidities, screenings for potential diseases, increased exercise, decreased alcohol consumption, and smoking cessation should be implemented. Unfortunately, while there are data for the increased risk for cardiovascular diseases within psoriasis patients, there are presently no data stating that increasing cardiovascular screening rates in patients produces a significant difference.

Adis

Skin pH: From basic science to basic skin care.

Jan 2013

Ali SM, Yosipovitch G.

Source

Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 , USA.

Abstract

The "acid mantle" is a topic not only of historical interest, but also of clinical significance and has recently been linked to vital stratum corneum function. Despite compelling basic science evidence placing skin pH as a key factor in barrier homeostasis, stratum corneum integrity, and antimicrobial defense, application of the acid mantle concept in clinical care is lacking. We review recent basic science investigations into skin pH, discuss skin disorders characterized by aberrant pH, and finally discuss practical application for preservation of the acid mantle. Recognizing factors that alter skin pH and selecting products that preserve the acid mantle is of prime importance in treating dermatologic patients.

Medical Journals

Daily intake of Jeju groundwater improves the skin condition of the model mouse for human atopic dermatitis.

Jan 2013

Tanaka A, Jung K, Matsuda A, Jang H, Kajiwara N, Amagai Y, Oida K, Ahn G, Ohmori K, Kang KG, Matsuda H.

Source

Laboratories of Comparative Animal Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.

Abstract

Drinking water is an important nutrient for human health. The mineral ingredients included in drinking water may affect the physical condition of people. Various kinds of natural water are in circulation as bottled water in developed countries; however, its influence on clinical conditions of patients with certain diseases has not been fully evaluated. In this study, effects of the natural groundwater from Jeju Island on clinical symptoms and skin barrier function in atopic dermatitis (AD) were evaluated. NC/Tnd mice, a model for human AD, with moderate to severe dermatitis were used. Mice were given different natural groundwater or tap water for 8 weeks from 4 weeks of age. Clinical skin severity scores were recorded every week. Scratching analysis and measurement of transepidermal water loss were performed every other week. The pathological condition of the dorsal skin was evaluated histologically. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed for cytokine expression in the affected skin. The epidermal hyperplasia and allergic inflammation were reduced in atopic mice supplied with Jeju groundwater when compared to those supplied with tap water or other kinds of natural groundwater. The increase in scratching behavior with the aggravation of clinical severity of dermatitis was favorably controlled. Moreover, transepidermal water loss that reflects skin barrier function was recovered. The early inflammation and hypersensitivity in the atopic skin was alleviated in mice supplied with Jeju groundwater, suggesting its profitable potential on the daily care of patients with skin troubles including AD.

Pub Med

Influence of age, gender, educational level and self-estimation of skin type on sun exposure habits and readiness to increase sun protection.

Jan 2013

Falk M, Anderson CD.

Source

Research and Development Unit for Local Health Care, County of Östergötland, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden; Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Community Medicine, Primary Care, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden. Electronic address: magnus.falk@lio.se.

Abstract

Background: Sun exposure habits and the propensity to undertake sun protection differ between individuals. Not least in primary prevention of skin cancer, aiming at reducing ultraviolet (UV) exposure, knowledge about these factors may be of importance. The aim of the present study was to investigate, in a primary health care (PHC) population, the relationship between sun exposure habits/sun protection behaviour/readiness to increase sun protection and gender, age, educational level and skin UV-sensitivity. 

Methods: The baseline data from a previously performed RCT on skin cancer prevention was used. 415 patients, aged >18 years, visiting a PHC centre in southern Sweden, filled-out a questionnaire mapping sun exposure, readiness to increase sun protection according to the Transtheoretical Model of Behaviour Change (TTM), and the above mentioned factors. 

Results: Female gender was associated with more frequent suntanning (p<0.001) and sunbed use (p<0.05), but also with more extensive sunscreen use (p<0.001). High age was in general associated with low level of sun exposure and high level of protection. Subjects with low educational level reported less frequent sunscreen use than those with higher educational level, and also chose lower SPF (p<0.001). For almost all parameters, high skin UV-sensitivity was associated with markedly lower sun exposure (p<0.001) and more pronounced readiness to increase sun protection. Females and subjects with high educational level reported higher readiness to increase sunscreen use than males and subjects with lower educational level (p<0.001). 

Conclusions: Gender, age, educational level and skin type appear to be important factors affecting sun exposure habits and sun protection behaviour, which supports the idea of appropriate mapping of these factors in patients in order to individualise sun protection advice according to the individual patient situation and capabilities.

PubMed

Management of ulcers in lymphedematous limbs

Management of ulcers in lymphoedematous limbs.

2012

Karnasula VM.

Source

Department of Plastic Surgery, G.S.L. Medical College, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Abstract

Lymphedema is a progressive condition that can have a marked physical and psychological impact on affected patients and significantly reduce the quality of life. The ulcers on chronic lymphoedema patient, which often also makes it impossible for them to work. If left untreated, tends to progress or worsen. Ulcers in lymphoedema patients, therefore, represent not only a medical but also a psychological problem. The treatment is often regarded as being worse than it actually is. In our study of more than 25 years shows around 10% cases are due to chronic lymphodema. Ulcers of chronic lymphoedema are classified into four stages according to their presentation. Their management depends upon their stage of presentation. Patients with chronic lymphoedema and ulceration require a different approach to treatment. The specific issues associated with managing the patient with lymphoedematous ulceration include, limb shape distortion i.e., elephantiasis, care of the skin creases and folds, and swelling of the toes and fore foot. Stage I ulcers will heal with conservative treatment without any surgical intervention. Stage II ulcers needs debridement of the wound and split-thickness skin grafting. The most difficult to treat are the stage III and IV ulcers, due to associated skin changes and reduced vascularity. These cases need debulking along with excision of the ulcer. In order to prevent recurrence of the ulcer in all the four stages needs prolonged follow-up and limb care.

Full Text Article

NIH - Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery

Skin care management in cancer patients: an evaluation of quality of life and tolerability

Skin care management in cancer patients: an evaluation of quality of life and tolerability

April 2011

Ann Cameron Haley, Cara Calahan, Mona Gandhi, Dennis P. West, Alfred Rademaker,and Mario E. Lacouture

Abstract

^{Keywords:  Skin care, Chemotherapy, Cancer, Dry skin, Radiation therapy, Skin irrations, HFSR}
Purpose: The objective of this study is to evaluate quality of life (QoL) and tolerability of three articles specifically developed for cancer skin care management (skin moisturizer, face moisturizer, and face wash).

Methods: Participants were cancer patients (n=99) receiving systemic anticancer therapies and/or radiotherapy at Northwestern University. Subjects were assessed at the initial visit for adverse skin reactions based on the National Cancer Institute’s Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0 and completed the Skindex-16 questionnaire, a self-reported dermatology-specific QoL instrument. All subjects were provided with three test articles and were instructed to use each test article once daily for 4 weeks. At the 4-week follow-up (n=77), the Skindex-16 was readministered, adverse skin reactions were assessed, and tolerability questionnaires were administered for each article used.

Results: Dry skin, hand–foot skin reaction (HFSR), and skin rash (dermatitis) decreased significantly from baseline to follow-up. Presence of nail changes, skin rash (desquamation), and acne/acneiform eruptions did not significantly change from baseline. Subjects had a significantly lower mean overall Skindex-16 score at 4-week follow-up when compared to baseline. Most patients rated their overall experience with each test article as good or very good (highest rating).

Conclusion: Skin care in cancer patients is suboptimal in part due to a lack of products and knowledge specific for this population. Our findings suggest that QoL improves with test article use, all of which were rated as good/very good for tolerability. Moreover, skin toxicity as manifested by dry skin, hand-foot skin reaction, and skin rash (dermatitis) were decreased with use of test articles within 4 weeks.

Full Text

NIH - Springer

Complex Decongestive Physiotherapy Treats Skin Changes like Hyperkeratosis Caused by Lymphedema.

2012

Kaba H, Bakar Y, Ozdemir OÇ, Sertel S.

Source

School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Abant Izzet Baysal University, 14280 Bolu, Turkey.

Abstract

Lymphedema is a chronic, progressive, and often debilitating condition. Primary lymphedema is a lymphatic malformation developing during the later stage of lymph angiogenesis. Secondary lymphedema is the result of obstruction or disruption of the lymphatic system, which can occur as a consequence of tumors, surgery, trauma, infection, inflammation, and radiation therapy. Here, we report a 64-year-old woman presenting with hyperkeratosis, a lymphedema due to metastatic uterus carcinoma. In this paper, we present the effects of complex decongestive physiotherapy on lymphedema and hyperkeratosis.

PubMed

Psoriasis Images

Psoriasis Images

Back



Knees



Hands


Palm



Lower Leg



Foot



Arm

Safety and efficacy of personal care products containing colloidal oatmeal.

2012

Criquet M, Roure R, Dayan L, Nollent V, Bertin C.

Source

Johnson & Johnson Santé Beauté France, Issy les Moulineaux, France.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Colloidal oatmeal is a natural ingredient used in the formulation of a range of personal care products for relief of skin dryness and itchiness. It is also used as an adjunctive product in atopic dermatitis. The safety of personalcare products used on vulnerable skin is of particular importance and the risk of developing further skin irritations and/or allergies should be minimized.

METHODS:

In a series of studies, we tested the safety of personal care products containing oatmeal (creams, cleansers, lotions) by assessing their irritant/allergenic potential on repeat insult patch testing, in safety-in-use and ocular studies using subjects with nonsensitive and sensitive skin. We also tested the skin moisturizing and repair properties of an oatmeal-containing skin care product for dry skin.

RESULTS:

We found that oatmeal-containing personal care products had very low irritant potential as well as a very low allergenic sensitization potential. Low-level reactions were documented in 1.0% of subjects during the induction phase of repeat insult patch testing; one of 2291 subjects developed a persistent but doubtful low-level reaction involving edema during the challenge phase in repeat insult patch testing. No allergies were reported by 80 subjects after patch testing after in-use application. Sustained skin moisturizing was documented in subjects with dry skin that lasted up to 2 weeks after product discontinuation.

CONCLUSION:

Our results demonstrate that colloidal oatmeal is a safe and effective ingredient in 

Dove Press

Common Skin Infections

Common Skin Infections

Nathaniel C. Cevasco

Kenneth J. Tomecki

Bacterial infections

Humans are natural hosts for many bacterial species that colonize the skin as normal flora.Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes are infrequent resident flora, but they account for a wide variety of bacterial pyodermas. Predisposing factors to infection include minor trauma, preexisting skin disease, poor hygiene, and, rarely, impaired host immunity.

Impetigo

Definition and Etiology

Impetigo is a superficial skin infection usually caused by S. aureus and occasionally by S. pyogenes.

Prevalence and Risk Factors

Impetigo affects approximately 1% of children.

Pathophysiology and Natural History

S. aureus produces a number of cellular and extracellular products, including exotoxins and coagulase, that contribute to the pathogenicity of impetigo, especially when coupled with preexisting tissue injury. Impetigo commonly occurs on the face (especially around the nares) or extremities after trauma.

**Also included in this article:

Folliculitis, Furunculosis, Carbunculosis, Candidiasis, Ecthyma, Erysipelas, Cellulitis, Necrotizing Fasciitis, Dermatophytosis, Herpes Zoster, Tinea (Pityriasis) Versicolor, Viral infections**

Cleveland Clinic